Tihar, also known as Deepawali or Yamapanchak, is one of the most widely celebrated Hindu festivals in Nepal. This vibrant and culturally significant festival lasts for five days, and it is known for its unique traditions, colorful decorations, and the deep reverence for various animals, including crows, dogs, cows, and oxen. The festival typically falls in October or November, depending on the lunar calendar.
Tihar is a time for families to come together, exchange blessings, and express their gratitude to the gods, animals, and nature. Each day of the festival has its own significance, customs, and rituals, making it a truly special and diverse celebration. Here, we will delve into the various aspects of the Tihar festival, explaining the rituals and traditions associated with each day.
1. Kaag Tihar (Day of the Crow):
Tihar begins with Kaag Tihar, the first day dedicated to worshiping crows. According to Hindu mythology, crows are considered messengers of Yama, the god of death. People offer grains, sweets, and other food items to the crows to seek their blessings and ward off death and evil. In the morning, you can witness families placing food offerings on their rooftops for these birds.
2. Kukur Tihar (Day of the Dog):
The second day of Tihar is devoted to dogs, which are believed to be the loyal companions of Lord Bhairab, a fearsome form of Lord Shiva. On this day, dogs all over Nepal receive special treatment. They are adorned with garlands, tikas (red vermillion mark on their foreheads), and given delicious meals. This day celebrates the bond between humans and dogs and acknowledges their importance in our lives.
3. Gai Tihar and Laxmi Puja (Day of the Cow and Goddess Laxmi):
The third day of Tihar is a significant day dedicated to worshiping cows and Goddess Laxmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity. In the morning, cows are washed, decorated, and offered a variety of food items. Cow dung is also used to create intricate designs on the ground, known as "Rangoli," which is believed to invite good fortune.
In the evening, Goddess Laxmi is worshiped in a grand manner. Homes and businesses are thoroughly cleaned and decorated with oil lamps and colorful rangoli patterns. People also light candles and oil lamps to welcome the goddess into their homes. They perform a special puja (ritual worship) and offer various fruits, sweets, and coins to seek her blessings for prosperity.
4. Govardhan Puja and Mha Puja (Day of the Ox and Self-worship):
The fourth day of Tihar has two different celebrations: Govardhan Puja and Mha Puja. In some parts of Nepal, particularly among the Newar community, Govardhan Puja is observed by worshiping the oxen that are crucial for agriculture. Farmers decorate and worship their oxen and express gratitude for their role in their livelihood.
Mha Puja, on the other hand, is a Newar festival that takes place on the same day. It is a unique tradition where people worship themselves. A special puja is performed with various food items and a mandala made of grains. This ritual is meant to honor self-awareness and self-improvement.
5. Bhai Tika (Day of the Siblings):
The fifth and final day of Tihar is Bhai Tika, a day when sisters perform a special ceremony to bless their brothers and wish for their long and prosperous lives. Sisters prepare a mandala with various ingredients and perform a puja for their brothers. They also apply tika on their brothers' foreheads and offer them delicious food and gifts. In return, brothers offer their sisters gifts and give them their blessings.
Tihar is not only a time of worship and festivities but also a time for cultural expressions, music, dances, and various forms of art. The entire nation comes alive with colorful decorations, vibrant lights, and the sound of traditional instruments and songs. In addition to the rituals, there are various forms of cultural programs and competitions held throughout Nepal, including Deusi and Bhailo, where groups of young people go door-to-door singing songs and collecting donations during the festival.
The festival is a time of togetherness, harmony, and the strengthening of family bonds. It also promotes respect for all living creatures and a deep connection with nature. Tihar showcases the rich cultural heritage of Nepal and serves as a reminder of the importance of gratitude, love, and respect in our lives.
In conclusion, Tihar is a five-day Hindu festival that celebrates various aspects of life and nature. It is a time for worshiping animals, gods, and oneself, as well as for strengthening family bonds and expressing gratitude. The festival's vibrant customs, decorations, and rituals make it a truly unique and cherished celebration in Nepal. Tihar not only reflects the cultural diversity of the country but also the deep-rooted values of respect, love, and togetherness that are at the heart of this festive occasion.
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